Thymoma

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Thymoma

Immune system

Disorders associated with immunodeficiency

Asplenia
Common variable immunodeficiency
Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome
IgG subclass deficiency
Isolated primary immunoglobulin M deficiency
Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Adenosine deaminase deficiency
Ataxia-telangiectasia
Hyper IgM syndrome
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Complement deficiency
Hereditary angioedema
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Chronic granulomatous disease
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
DiGeorge syndrome
Thymic aplasia

HIV and AIDS

HIV (AIDS)

Immune system organ disorders

Ruptured spleen
Thymoma

Immunologically mediated disorders

Cytomegalovirus infection after transplant (NORD)
Graft-versus-host disease
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (NORD)
Transplant rejection
Anaphylaxis
Asthma
Food allergy
Type I hypersensitivity
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Goodpasture syndrome
Graves disease
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Immune thrombocytopenia
Myasthenia gravis
Pemphigus vulgaris
Rheumatic heart disease
Type II hypersensitivity
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Serum sickness
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Type III hypersensitivity
Contact dermatitis
Graft-versus-host disease
Type IV hypersensitivity

Infectious disorders

Sepsis
Neonatal sepsis
Abscesses

Immune system pathology review

Immunodeficiencies: Combined T-cell and B-cell disorders: Pathology review
Immunodeficiencies: Phagocyte and complement dysfunction: Pathology review
Immunodeficiencies: T-cell and B-cell disorders: Pathology review
HIV and AIDS: Pathology review
Blood transfusion reactions and transplant rejection: Pathology review

Flashcards

Thymoma

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Questions

USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE

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Start
A 40-year-old woman begins complaining of dyspnea while recovering in the post-anesthesia care unit. Earlier in the day, the patient underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for treatment of symptomatic gallstones. Past medical history is unremarkable. Her temperature is 37.7°C (99.9°F), pulse is 93/min, respiratory rate is 24/min and blood pressure is 125/72 mmHg. Physical examination shows the patient in distress with shallow breaths, using accessory muscles. In addition, the patient is observed to have drooping of the eyelids and corners of the mouth bilaterally. Pupils are 3 cm bilaterally and reactive to light. An arterial blood gas measurement reveals the following findings:  

 Laboratory Value  Result  Reference Range 
 pH  7.31  7.35-7.45 
 PaCO2  56 mmHg  33-45 mmHg 
 PaO2  71 mmHg  75-105 mmHg 
 Bicarbonate  25 mmol/L  22-28 mmol/L 
   
The patient’s condition improves with administration of edrophonium chloride. Which of the following best describes the cause of this patient’s condition? 

Key Takeaways

Thymoma is a rare type of tumor that arises from the epithelial cells of the thymus gland that is located in the chest behind the breastbone. Thymomas may not cause any symptoms in the early stages of the disease, but as they grow and compress the nearby structures, causing symptoms like superior vena cava syndrome, dysphagia, cough, or chest pain.

Thymomas are frequently associated with the neuromuscular disorder myasthenia gravis or autoimmune conditions like pure red cell aplasia and Good syndrome. Diagnosis of thymoma involves imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans. A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment options may include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.