Video - Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency

Selective IgA deficiency is a common cause of immunodeficiency caused by low amounts of immunoglobulin A (IgA), resulting in low protection against infections of the mucous membranes lining the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. It is typically accompanied by normal levels of IgM, IgD, and IgG, and slightly elevated levels of IgE. Affected people are susceptible to infections of the mucous membranes lining the mouth, airways, and digestive tract.

Selective IgA deficiency often results from a failure of B cells to differentiate into IgA-secreting plasma cells, so IgA remains bound to their surface, along with IgM and IgD. Most people with selective IgA deficiency generally appear healthy, with no major symptoms. Sometimes, however, they may have more chronic infections, an increased frequency of atopy and asthma, as well as autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Selective IgA deficiency is associated with an increased risk of some malignancies, like gastric and colon cancer.