Osmosis video - Testicular cancer: Nursing

Testicular cancers are malignant tumors that form in one or both testes. The cause is unknown, but risk factors include pre-existing conditions such as Klinefelter syndrome, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, history of testicular abnormalities, radiation of the genital area, HIV or AIDS, marijuana use, or maternal use of pesticides.

Major types of testicular cancer include germ-cell testicular cancer and non-germ-cell testicular cancer. Germ cell testicular cancers come from germ cells that normally develop into sperm. Common symptoms include a unilateral, non-tender, firm, and painless lump in the scrotum, dull or sharp pain in the testes and hormonal symptoms like gynecomastia. When metastasis occurs there could also be symptoms like jaundice, back pain, bone pain, and respiratory distress. Treatment involves surgery, sometimes in combination with chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.

Nursing management of care focuses on managing the effects of treatment, monitoring for metastasis, and providing psychosocial support. Client and family teaching focuses on learning about the planned treatment and the importance of testicular self-examination.