Ménière Disease

Signs and symptoms of Ménière disease can vary in intensity from being a mild annoyance to a disabling disease. Affected individuals typically present with a classic triad of symptoms, including severe vertigo, or feeling dizzy and off balance, tinnitus, and hearing loss, though not all of these symptoms may be present simultaneously. These symptoms typically present in episodes that begin abruptly and may last from several minutes to several hours. The intake of caffeine; alcohol; nicotine; high dietary salt; and monosodium glutamate (MSG), primarily found in protein-containing foods like meat, cheese, nuts, and legumes, can trigger episodes. Emotional stress, infections, or allergies are other potential triggers. Individuals with Ménière disease often also experience a feeling of ear fullness and pressure. Additional signs and symptoms can include headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Lastly, Ménière disease can interfere with the individual’s activities of daily living, such as working or driving.

As Ménière disease worsens progressively over time, it can result in permanent dysfunction, including irreversible hearing loss. Moreover, while most cases typically affect only one ear, as the disease progresses, it can extend to affect both ears. 

As there’s no cure for Ménière disease, treatment focuses on reducing the number and severity of episodes and preventing disease progression. Initial treatment is typically focused on lifestyle changes to minimize exposure to triggers, such as limiting dietary salt intake, caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine and reducing emotional stress. In addition, individuals with Ménière disease can be referred to vestibular rehabilitation therapy, which consists of exercise activities to reduce vertigo and dizziness and improve balance function. Hearing aids can also be useful for individuals with permanent hearing loss.