The nurse in the obstetric office is creating an educational plan of care for a client with idiopathic infertility. Click to indicate whether each client statement indicates the teaching was successful or unsuccessful.

Infertility: Nursing

Revisores de contenido

Viviana Popa, MD,Lisa Miklush PhD, RN, CNS,Gabrielle Proper, RN, BScN, MN

Colaboradores/as

Filip Vasiljević, MD,Sam Gillespie, BSc,Mathew Pietri,Patricia Nguyen, MScBMC

Before we begin, a quick terminology update. In 2026, an international group of patient advocacy and professional organizations introduced a new name for the condition previously known as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, or PfCOS.

PCOS is transitioning to Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome, or PMOS. The new name was introduced because the condition involves much more than just the ovaries and can affect body weight, metabolism, mental health, skin, and reproductive function.

The old name emphasized ovarian cysts rather than the broader endocrine and metabolic features of the condition, which may have contributed to misunderstanding, delayed diagnosis, and inadequate treatment.

As you watch the video, keep in mind that any references to PCOS refer to the condition newly named PMOS. The underlying disease process and management discussed in this video remain the same.

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse in couples of reproductive age. Infertility can affect one or both partners, or, in some cases, no cause can be found in either partner, in which case it’s termed unexplained infertility.

Now, let’s go over some anatomy and physiology when it comes to conceiving. The female gonads are called ovaries, which are paired reproductive organs that produce sex hormones, namely estrogen and progesterone; as well as gametes, called oocytes, in the process known as oogenesis.

These functions are an integral part of the menstrual cycle, which usually lasts around 28 days and can be divided in two phases. First, there’s the follicular phase, during which estrogen rises, and the oocytes mature until ovulation, which typically occurs on day 14 of a 28-day cycle.

During ovulation, the mature oocyte is released in the fallopian tube, and it can possibly be fertilized by a male gamete, called a sperm. If fertilization occurs, the fertilized egg travels down the Fallopian tube and implants into the uterine lining, so pregnancy occurs.

Transcript

As you watch the video, keep in mind that any references to PCOS refer to the condition newly named PMOS. The underlying disease process and management discussed in this video remain the same.

INFERTILITY
	KEY POINTS	NOTES
DEFINITION	Inability to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse in couples of reproductive age
PHYSIOLOGY	Ovaries Paired reproductive organs that produce estrogen and progesterone and oocytes Part of menstrual cycle Follicular phase Ovulation Luteal phase Primarily controlled by LH and FSH Testicles Paired reproductive organs that lie in the scrotum Produce testosterone Spermatogenesis Controlled by LH and FSH Mature sperm stored in epididymis
CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS	Can affect one or both partners Causes - Female reproductive organs Ovulatory dysfunction Endocrinological causes Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea Genetic or developmental causes Anatomy differences of reproductive system Causes - Male reproductive organs Pre-testicular causes Testicular causes Post-testicular causes Causes - Other Trauma Infections Radiation or surgery in the head area Risk factors Advanced age Unhealthy lifestyle habits Non-malignant conditions Sexually transmitted infections Trauma, infections, radiation, or surgery to the head or reproductive area
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY	Female reproductive system 2 types of ovulatory dysfunction Oligoovulation Anovulation Anatomical barriers that disrupt journey of the fertilized egg into the uterine cavity Uterine tumors can prevent fertilized egg from attaching to the uterine wall Male reproductive system Pre-testicular causes impair pituitary production of FSH and LH Testicular problems are associated with poor semen quality and low sperm count Post-testicular conditions result in obstruction of ejaculatory system
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS	Depend on cause Assigned female at birth Menstrual disorders Intermenstrual bleeding Pelvic masses Galactorrhea Obesity Acne, hirsutism, alopecia Short stature, broad chest, widely set nipples, broad shoulders, narrow hips Assigned male at birth Testicular masses Small testicles Testicles that can't be palpated in scrotum Absent secondary sexual characteristics Gynecomastia Cranial tumors Headaches Visual abnormalities Vomiting Sexually transmitted infections Dysuria Cloudy urine Vaginal or penile discharge
DIAGNOSIS	History Physical assessment Laboratory tests Semen analysis Imaging Genetic testing
TREATMENT	Based on cause Ovulation problems Pharmacologic therapy Hormonal imbalances Endocrinological treatment Tumors and adhesions of GU tract Surgical treatment Lifestyle changes Cessation of drinking and smoking Assisted reproductive technology
MANAGEMENT OF CARE	Goals of care Assist them during treatment Provide emotional support Assess their understanding and psychosocial status Communicate empathy Acknowledge the losses Provide referrals to counseling services, community resources, and local support groups
PATIENT AND FAMILY TEACHING	Explain condition, plan of care, and how to safely administer medications Provide verbal and written information Lifestyle modifications Healthy diet Stress-reduction techniques and coping mechanisms Safe-sex to prevent STI

Infertility: Nursing

Transcripción

Revisores de contenido

Colaboradores/as

Notas

Fuentes

Aún no hay notas para este video

Transcript