How to Become a Nurse Practitioner: The Osmosis Ultimate Guide

From finding the right nurse practitioner program to helpful job-seeking tips and stats, get all of the advice and guidance you’ll ever need to succeed as an NP from experienced clinicians and nurse practitioners in the field.

How to Get Started On Your Path to Becoming a Nurse Practitioner

According to US News World Report, Nurse Practitioners are rated at #1 for best healthcare jobs and #2 for the top 100 jobs overall in the country. It’s no wonder, as NPs contribute directly to improved patient outcomes and play a pivotal role in shaping the future of healthcare! A career as an NP can be truly transformative since they can draw from their nursing experiences and strong clinical background as they expand their role to include diagnosing, treating, and managing a variety of medical conditions in in-patient and outpatient settings. The nurse practitioner role allows for greater autonomy and decision-making authority in the clinical realm and often opens the door to leadership roles, educational positions, and entrepreneurial opportunities such as establishing private practices. 

This guide will outline the steps to becoming a nurse practitioner, suggestions for choosing your path, and the journey to successfully completing a program. We’ll explore the education requirements, program durations, salary ranges**, work settings, and the licensing journey while sharing resources for those considering a career as a nurse practitioner or NP. 

Before we start, let’s clarify some important terms: 

• Advanced Practice Nurse (APN): An Advanced Practice Nurse is a registered nurse who has acquired advanced education and clinical training beyond basic nursing education. APNs have specialized knowledge and skills that allow them to take on expanded roles in healthcare. This category includes Nurse Practitioners (NP), Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNS), Certified Nurse-Midwives (CNM), and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNA).
• American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Program (AANPCP): AANPCP is a certification board that offers certification examinations for Nurse Practitioners. The AANPCP is one of the certifying bodies that NPs may choose for obtaining national certification.
• American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN): AACN is a professional organization that focuses on critical care nursing. It provides resources, education, and certification for nurses working in critical care settings. The organization is known for its certification program, including the Critical Care Registered Nurse (CCRN) certification.
• American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC): ANCC is a credentialing organization that certifies nurses in various specialties, including nurse practitioners. ANCC certifications are widely recognized and include certifications for NPs in multiple specialties, such as Adult-Gerontology, Family, and Psychiatric-Mental Health.
• National Certification Corporation for the Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing Specialties (NCC): NCC is a certification board that provides certifications for nurses specializing in obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing. It includes certifications for Neonatal Nurse Practitioners (NNPs) and Women’s Health Nurse Practitioners (WHNPs).
• National Council Licensure Examination© (NCLEX): The NCLEX is a standardized, adaptive exam that nursing candidates must pass to obtain licensure as a Registered Nurse (RN) or Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse (LPN/LVN) in the United States and Canada. It’s designed to test the knowledge, skills, and abilities essential for the safe and effective practice of nursing at the entry-level. The exam is developed and administered by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) develops and administers the exam. 
• Nurse Practitioner (NP): A nurse practitioner is an APN who has completed additional education and training beyond the BSN level to provide comprehensive healthcare services. NPs can diagnose and treat medical conditions, prescribe medications, and often specialize in specific patient populations or areas of healthcare.
• Nursing Commission for Nursing Education Accreditation (CNEA): CNEA is the accreditation division of the National League for Nursing (NLN). The NLN CNEA accredits practical/vocational, diploma (RN), associate, bachelor, master, clinical doctorate, post-graduate certificate, and distance learning programs.
• Pediatric Nursing Certification Board (PNCB): PNCB is a certification board that focuses on the certification of pediatric nurses. It offers certification exams for PNPs and other pediatric nursing specialties.
• Population Foci: Population foci in the context of nursing and advanced practice refers to specific patient populations or areas of healthcare that nurses or nurse practitioners specialize in. Examples of population foci include Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP), Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner (AGACNP), Pediatric Nurse Practitioner (PNP), Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), and Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner (WHNP).
• The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN): AACN is a major accreditation for RN bachelor, master, clinical doctorate, post-graduate certificates, fellowships, and distance learning programs.

Taking the First Steps: Which Program Is Right for You?

Types of Nurse Practitioner Programs

You can take several paths to become a nurse practitioner. Choosing between a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN), a Post Master’s Certificate (PMC), a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), or a Direct Entry program will largely depend on your current qualifications, career goals, and the level of nursing practice, as well as time and cost. 

Here’s a table with a breakdown of the key differences between the programs:

Program Type	Description	Typical Length	Average Cost
BSN to MSN	For BSN-prepared RNs.-Typically requires 4,000 hours of RN clinical practice-Focus on advanced clinical practice and patient care in a specific population foci	2-3 years	Varies; typically $30,000-$60,000
PMC	For MSN-prepared nurses seeking further specialization.-Non-NPs will need additional coursework-NPs adding population foci will need coursework related to population specialty	18 months to 2 years	Varies; typically $20,000-$40,000
DNP	Options:-BSN-DNP-MSN-DNP-PMC-DNP	3-4 years	Varies: typically $40,000-$80,000
Direct Entry MSN	For students with a bachelor’s degree in another field.-Undergraduate nursing and graduate nursing combined-Take NCLEX first, then on to NP courses-Many are DNP programs	4-5 years	Varies: typically $50,000 to $100,0

Which Program Style Is Best for Me: Online or In-Person?

Selecting the right nurse practitioner program is a pivotal step in your career, with options spanning online, in-person, or blended formats. Online programs offer flexibility for those balancing other commitments, while in-person courses foster direct engagement and hands-on experience. Meanwhile, many institutions now offer blended programs, harmonizing the benefits of both, with much of the coursework taking place virtually while clinical, lab, and simulation learning occur in person. 

Prospective students must weigh these formats against their learning preferences, logistical constraints, and career goals to make an informed decision. Next, we will review some advantages and disadvantages of online and in-person programs. Here are some considerations to help you make an informed decision between online and in-person.

Online Program Benefits

Flexibility: Online programs offer flexibility regarding when and where you study, which can be beneficial if you have other commitments like work or family.

Access: You can access coursework and lectures from anywhere with an internet connection, allowing you to learn without being tied to a specific location.

Self-Paced Learning: Online programs often allow for more self-paced learning, accommodating those who prefer to progress through material at their own speed.

Diverse Perspectives: Online programs may attract students from various locations, providing a more diverse learning environment.

Online Program Drawbacks

Self-Discipline: Online learning requires a high level of self-discipline. If you thrive in a structured environment, ensure you can maintain motivation and keep up with coursework if you choose an online program.

Technology Requirements: Ensure you have access to a reliable computer and internet connection, as well as comfort and proficiency with using online learning platforms.

In-person Program Benefits

Face-to-Face Interaction: On-ground programs offer direct interaction with professors and peers, facilitating immediate clarification of doubts and discussions.

Networking Opportunities: In-person programs provide networking opportunities with classmates, faculty, and professionals in the field, which can be valuable for your career.

Clinical Training: Some programs may have established partnerships with local healthcare facilities, ensuring robust hands-on clinical training.

Structured Schedule: If you prefer a structured routine, on-ground programs often have a set class schedule and clear timelines for completing coursework.

In-person Program Drawbacks

Location Constraints: In-person programs may require you to be physically present, which can be challenging if you have geographic constraints. Selecting an in-person program limits your options to those that are near your residence.

Time Commitment: The structured nature of in-person programs may require a more rigid time commitment, which can be challenging for those with busy schedules.

Limited Flexibility: If you need flexibility due to work or family commitments, an in-person program may be less accommodating than an online option.

Considerations for All Program Types 

Regardless of whether it’s in-person or online, you’ll want to be sure that the program you select has the following key elements:

• Accreditation: Ensure that the program, whether online or in-person, is accredited by the appropriate accrediting bodies.*
• Clinical Placement: Consider how clinical placements are arranged and whether the program provides support in securing suitable clinical sites.
• Cost: Compare the costs of online and in-person programs, including tuition, fees, and potential relocation or travel expenses.
• Learning Style: Reflect on your preferred learning style. If you thrive in a self-directed environment, online learning may be suitable. If you prefer in-person interactions, an in-person program might be better.
• Career Goals: Consider your long-term career goals and how the program’s format aligns with those goals.

Ultimately, the best choice depends on your individual circumstances, preferences, and the specific details of the programs you’re considering.

Finding Your Learning Preferences

Discovering your learning preferences is a personal journey, and there are various resources and assessments that can help you identify how you learn best. This is important because when the teaching modalities used match your learning preferences, you’re more likely to obtain and retain knowledge. With so much information coming at you at once, you’ll want to hone in on your particular style or styles.

While some individuals thrive with traditional textual content, others benefit from auditory, visual, or hands-on experiences. Multimedia learning, particularly through videos, offers a dynamic approach that can cater to multiple senses, enhancing understanding. Recognizing that a combination of methods often works best for many, it’s crucial to explore and integrate various learning strategies. Likewise, by understanding and leveraging your unique learning preference, you can maximize educational outcomes and navigate academic challenges more effectively.

Here are some resources you can explore to discover your learning preferences:

• The Osmosis by Elsevier Learning Style Quiz: Answer some key questions to uncover your preferred study style in this quick quiz.
• VARK Questionnaire: The VARK (Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, Kinesthetic) questionnaire is a popular tool to identify your preferred learning style based on your preferences.
• Learning Style Inventory by EducationPlanner: EducationPlanner offers a simple online inventory to help you discover your learning style. It categorizes learners into visual, auditory, or kinesthetic preferences.
• Honey and Mumford’s Learning Styles Questionnaire: Based on the work of Peter Honey and Alan Mumford, who identified four learning styles: Activist, Reflector, Theorist, and Pragmatist.

Remember that learning preferences are preferences rather than absolutes, so they can be fluid, and many learners find they do best using a combination of them. Exploring multiple resources and reflecting on your experiences can provide a more comprehensive understanding of how you learn best.

Choosing a Population Focus/Foci 

Choosing a population focus for your nurse practitioner specialization is a significant decision that should align with your interests, career goals, and the specific patient population you’re passionate about serving. Let’s take a look at a list of specialties to consider:

Adult/Gero Acute Care Nurse Practitioners

These NPs specialize in providing care to adult and elderly patients in acute or critical settings, such as ICUs and hospitals. Having RN experience in ICUs, medical-surgical units, or telemetry is beneficial for this specialization. This focus is ideal for those passionate about managing acute conditions in fast-paced hospital settings and working closely with a medical team to stabilize patients.

Adult/Gero Primary Care Nurse Practitioners 

This specialty focuses on offering primary care to adults from late adolescence to late adulthood, including preventative care and chronic disease management. Prior RN experience in general medicine units, outpatient clinics, or geriatric settings can be invaluable. This track is suitable for those who value long-term patient relationships and holistic care for the adult and senior (geriatric) population.

Emergency Nurse Practitioners 

These NPs work in high-paced environments, such as emergency rooms, handling acute or life-threatening conditions. RNs with experience in ER or trauma units will find this background especially useful. This specialization is fitting for those who excel under pressure, want to be at the forefront of emergency care and handle a wide range of urgent cases.

Family Nurse Practitioners

The Family Nurse Practitioner specialization offers comprehensive healthcare to individuals of all ages and emphasizes holistic care through all life stages. RNs with experience in family medicine clinics, pediatrics, or community health will find it beneficial. This focus appeals to those interested in treating patients across different ages and fostering overall family health.

Neonatal Intensive Care Nurse Practitioners 

These NPs are dedicated to caring for newborns, especially those who are premature or critically ill. Having RN experience in the NICU and with high-risk pregnancies is invaluable. This specialty is ideal for those dedicated to caring for vulnerable newborns and supporting their families during challenging times.

Pediatric Nurse Practitioners 

This focus provides care to infants, children, and adolescents. RN experience in pediatric units, pediatric ICUs, or school nursing is particularly helpful. Choosing this specialty is ideal for individuals passionate about early health interventions and dedicated to child and adolescent well-being.

Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioners

Geared toward mental health, these NPs can diagnose and treat psychiatric disorders. RNs with experience in psychiatric units or substance abuse centers are well-prepared for this role. This focus is essential for those keen on understanding mental health’s complexities and making a profound difference in patients’ lives.

Women’s Health Nurse Practitioners

This specialty centers on women’s health issues, from reproductive health to menopause care. RNs with experience in OB/GYN units, labor and delivery, or reproductive health clinics will find this background advantageous. This focus is vital for those passionate about offering holistic care to women, encompassing both physical and mental well-being throughout their lives.

Considerations for Choosing a Population Focus/Foci

When selecting a focus/foci, there are a few key things to consider in addition to the above descriptions. Here are some considerations and steps to help you make an informed choice:

Reflect On Your Interests

Consider the patient populations or healthcare issues that genuinely interest and inspire you. Reflect on your experiences in nursing and identify the areas where you feel most engaged and fulfilled.

Assess your previous clinical experiences and consider the patient populations you enjoyed working with. What type of care did you find most meaningful? It can guide you toward a specialization that aligns with your strengths and experiences.

Consider the Demands of the Population

Different patient populations have unique healthcare needs and challenges. Consider whether you’re drawn to primary care for families, acute care for adults, mental health care, pediatric care, or specialized care for certain conditions.

Explore Specializations

Research the various specializations available, such as Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP), Adult-Gerontology Acute Care NP (AGACNP), Psychiatric-Mental Health NP (PMHNP), Pediatric NP (PNP), and others. Each specialization has its own focus and scope of practice.

Assess the Job Market

Investigate the demand for NPs in different specializations in your region or where you plan to work. Some specialties may have a higher demand than others, influencing your career opportunities. 

Consider Your Long-Term Career Goals 

How do you envision your role as an NP? Do you see yourself working in primary care, acute care, or a specialized clinic? Your population focus should align with your career aspirations.

Talk to Nurse Practitioners in Different Specializations

Reach out to practicing NPs in various specializations to gain insights into their roles, experiences, and challenges. Hearing firsthand from professionals in the field can provide valuable perspectives.

Evaluate Educational Programs

Explore the curriculum and clinical opportunities offered by NP programs in different specializations. Some programs may have unique features or partnerships that align with specific population foci.

Consider Future Trends

Stay informed about healthcare trends and emerging needs in different patient populations. Consider how these trends might influence the demand for NPs in specific areas of practice.

Seek Guidance from Mentors

If you have mentors or advisors, seek their guidance in choosing a population focus. They may provide valuable insights based on their own experiences and observations.

Shadow a Nurse Practitioner

Shadowing an NP offers invaluable insights into the dynamic roles and responsibilities of these advanced healthcare professionals. By directly observing the daily operations and patient interactions, individuals gain a firsthand understanding of the clinical decision-making process, interdisciplinary collaboration, and patient-centered care that NPs provide. Overall, such exposure not only aids in confirming career choices but also equips future NPs with the practical knowledge and context they might not acquire from textbooks alone.

Remember that choosing a population focus is a personal decision; there is no one-size-fits-all answer. Take the time to explore your options, gather information, and make a decision that aligns with your passion for nursing and the type of impact you want to have on patient care.

Demand for Nurse Practitioners

It’s important to note that while the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) provides overarching figures for nurse practitioners, the specifics vary based on specialization and other factors like region, demand, and experience level. The growth rate and salary ranges are generalized based on the broader “Nurse Practitioner” category. Specificities require a more granular look at individual datasets or resources, but overall, the field is anticipated to grow by 45% in the next decade.

Salary Ranges By Specialty

Adult/Gero Acute Care NP: $105,000 – $150,000

Adult/Gero Primary Care NP: $100,000 – $140,000

Emergency NP: $110,000 – $155,000

Family NP: $100,000 – $140,000

Pediatric NP: $100,000 – $140,000

Psychiatric Mental Health NP: $105,000 – $150,000

Women’s Health NP: $100,000 – $140,000

Prerequisites for Accredited Nurse Practitioner Programs

To become an NP, you must first become a registered nurse and pass the NCLEX. However, as mentioned previously, a few programs, such as direct entry programs, allow you to obtain your BSN, then take the NCLEX, and move into the NP program. 

Typically, an NP program takes three to five years to complete, depending on your education and experience at the time of admission. The general requirements for most NP programs are:

• Bachelor’s degree in Nursing
• Registered Nursing licensure
• GPA of 3.0 or higher
• 2 years/4,000 hours of practice as an RN

Successfully Completing Your NP Program

Navigating Nursing Course Requirements

While every school and program is different, there are typically some standard courses that nearly every nurse practitioner student must take. The following course descriptions offer a foundational understanding of each course’s content. However, specific details, topics covered, and learning objectives will vary based on the institution or program offering the course.

Pathophysiology: This course delves into the study of altered physiological processes leading to disease and illness. Students explore the cellular and organ system responses to various pathogenic mechanisms. Emphasis is placed on understanding the foundational pathophysiological changes, their clinical manifestations, and the implications for nursing practice.

Advanced Physical Assessment: In this comprehensive course, students develop advanced skills in history-taking and physical examination techniques. Emphasis is placed on differentiating between normal and abnormal findings, recognizing subtle clinical cues, and integrating diagnostic reasoning into clinical practice. Clinical rotations may be required to ensure competency in hands-on assessment skills.

Advanced Pharmacology: This course provides an in-depth study of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and the therapeutic use of drugs. Students learn about drug classifications, mechanisms of action, and their role in disease management. The course emphasizes safe prescribing practices, potential drug interactions, and considerations for special populations.

Health Promotion: Focusing on the proactive approach to healthcare, this course examines strategies for promoting health and preventing illness across populations. Students learn about health determinants, behavior change theories, and evidence-based interventions to address individual and community health needs.

Graduate Nursing Research: This course is designed to equip students with the skills to critically evaluate and apply nursing research in clinical practice. Topics include research design, methodologies, and evidence-based practice principles. A prerequisite of graduate-level statistics is required for course enrollment.

Population Health: This course provides an overview of the principles and practices of population health within the broader healthcare system. Emphasis is placed on health determinants, health disparities, population-based interventions, and the role of the advanced practice nurse in improving health outcomes at the community and systemic levels.

Health Policy: In this course, students explore the intricacies of health policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. Topics include policy advocacy, healthcare financing, ethical considerations, and the impact of policies on clinical practice and patient outcomes. The course also emphasizes the role of advanced practice nurses in shaping health policy and driving systemic change.

Population-specific Didactic and Clinical Courses: With your prerequisites in order, it’s time to move on to your population-focused courses. Population-specific courses vary depending on your chosen population foci. There’s a lecture portion of the class and a co-requisite clinical course. Clinical courses usually have an online component where you upload your clinical paperwork and a system for documenting your patient encounters. Clinical courses will likely be in a setting that matches the population and will align with your lectures. Clinical requirements may vary. However, the minimum requirements are at least 500 hours per population foci for MSN programs and 1,000 hours for DNP programs.

The Nurse Practitioner Program Experience

Navigating the NP Program Learning Process

As you venture into the world of Nurse Practitioner (NP) programs, the learning process can seem daunting. The first phase of the NP program focuses on theoretical knowledge and preparing for clinical experience. You’ll want to actively engage in discussions, take diligent notes, and make connections between classroom content and real-world scenarios. Here’s a guide to help you understand and navigate your journey.

Online Component

Online components in NP programs require effective time management to balance work and family life demands. To thrive in a virtual learning environment, you’ll want to establish a structured study routine, set aside a quiet workspace, and minimize distractions. Active engagement in discussion forums is also crucial, enriching your learning experience and fostering a sense of community.

Success Tips

• Establish a Routine: Designate specific hours for studying to create a consistent schedule.
• Designate a Workspace: Choose a quiet, organized area dedicated to schoolwork.
• Minimize Distractions: Use tools to block distracting websites during study times.
• Engage Online: Participate in forums to enhance understanding and connect with classmates.

In-Person Component

The in-person experience in nurse practitioner programs is pivotal, providing a tangible, interactive platform for student growth. Direct engagement with faculty and peers in classrooms and clinical environments enriches learning through real-time feedback and collaborative discussions. Such immersive settings also facilitate hands-on practice, which is essential for honing clinical skills. These face-to-face encounters enable you to develop robust communication abilities and form mentoring relationships that can be instrumental throughout your career.

Success Tips

• Active Participation: Contribute to classroom discussions to solidify your understanding.
• Hands-on Practice: Take full advantage of lab and clinical sessions for skill development.
• Networking: Forge strong connections with peers and faculty for future support and opportunities.

Course Papers

Course papers form a critical component of the curriculum, offering a platform for the in-depth exploration of complex clinical issues, applying evidence-based research, and developing sophisticated arguments. These assignments are a means to assess comprehension and serve as a vehicle for students to refine their writing and analytical skills, which is essential for their future professional practice. Crafting a well-argued paper requires a blend of organization, thorough research, and clear articulation of ideas.

Success Tips

• Start Early: Begin the writing process well in advance to accommodate thorough research and multiple drafts.
• Leverage Resources: Make use of your program’s writing center for guidance on structure, flow, and academic style.
• Peer Review: Engage classmates in peer reviews to gain different perspectives and constructive feedback.
• Iterative Revisions: Schedule time for revision, recognizing that great writing is rewriting.
• Connect Ideas: Ensure your paper shows how theory informs practice and vice versa, displaying deep integration of knowledge.

Skills Day

Skills days are an integral part of NP training, dedicated to hands-on practice of clinical procedures to learn new skills or get a refresher. You’ll be under the supervision of experienced educators and practice various clinical tasks, including basic interventions like injections to more complex procedures such as chest tube placement, ensuring you’re well-prepared for real-world clinical settings.

Success Tip

Engage actively, ask questions, and repeat any skills you feel uncertain about. Practice makes perfect, so take advantage of these supervised sessions.

Simulations

Simulations can be online or in-person. Simulations provide NP students with a controlled and safe environment to practice clinical scenarios using high-fidelity manikins or virtual platforms. These simulations replicate real-world situations, enabling you to hone their decision-making, diagnostic, and treatment skills without risking patient safety.

Success Tip

Approach simulations as real clinical scenarios. Reflect on your actions post-simulation and discuss any uncertainties with instructors to cement learning.

Standardized Patients 

Your program may use standardized patients (SP). SPs are individuals trained to consistently replicate specific clinical scenarios or health issues. NP students interact with these individuals as they would with actual patients, allowing for a realistic and consistent environment to practice history-taking, physical examination, and interpersonal communication. 

Success Tip

Treat SPs as real patients, maintaining professionalism and empathy. Afterward, seek feedback and reflect on areas of improvement.

Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)

An OSCE is a comprehensive evaluation method where NP students rotate through a series of stations, each designed to assess specific clinical competencies. At each station, students may encounter SPs, manikins, or other clinical tasks. OSCEs provide a structured and standardized approach to evaluate students’ clinical performance and readiness for practice. Some programs also use live OBGYN and male models to assist students in learning GYN/GU and prostate exams. 

Success Tip

Prepare by reviewing common scenarios and practicing skills. During the OSCE, stay calm, be methodical, and be open to feedback for continuous improvement.

Nurse Practitioner Clinicals

Clinical rotations provide hands-on experience under the supervision of experienced NPs or physicians. They’re essential for bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. You can expect to be in clinical approximately 200 hours per term. Many programs offer assistance in finding sites or you may be required to find your own site and preceptor. In general, you’ll want to start this process as early as possible and at least six months ahead of the clinical experience. Here are a few tips for finding clinical sites and preceptors. 

Clinical Requirements

Your school may have specific requirements to attend the NP program and additional requirements for clinical rotations. In addition, the clinical site may have additional requirements that you must meet before starting rotations. It’s not uncommon for schools and clinical sites to require the following:

• Background check
• Child abuse clearance
• Drug test
• Vaccines: Hepatitis B, COVID, influenza 
• TB testing
• Clinical application 

Finding Clinical Sites

Some schools have affiliations with clinical sites; if not, an affiliation agreement will be needed between the school and the clinical site. If your school does not have clinical placement, you might have to find your own. Research local hospitals, clinics, or private practices to ensure your chosen site aligns with your population focus.

Success Tips

• Start Early: Begin your search months in advance to secure desired clinical sites.
• Leverage Personal Networks: Talk to colleagues, professors, and fellow students for connections or recommendations.
• Clinical Placement Services: Use university-affiliated services or departments that assist with clinical placements.
• Nurse Practitioner Organizations: Explore the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) and local NP associations for listings or member-offered student placements.
• Cold Calling or Email: Reach out directly to clinics, hospitals, or private practices, emphasizing your contributions.
• Attend Networking Events: Use conferences, seminars, or workshops to meet potential preceptors and learn about available clinical sites.
• Online Platforms: Consider websites like NursePractitionerClinicalRotations.com or ClinicalMatchMe.
• State Boards of Nursing: Some maintain a list of approved clinical sites or can guide you to related resources.
• Volunteer Opportunities: Volunteering can sometimes lead to a clinical placement, offering experience and networking opportunities.
• Professional Social Networks: Platforms like LinkedIn can be invaluable. Join NP groups and participate actively.
• Consider Rural or Underserved Areas: These areas might have unique opportunities and a high demand for healthcare providers.
• Stay Organized and Persistent: Track applications, follow-ups, and feedback. Persistence often pays off.

Remember, while securing a clinical site may require effort and creativity, each placement opportunity propels you closer to your career goals.

Finding Preceptors

A good preceptor can make a significant difference in your clinical experience. Seek recommendations, network at professional events, or approach experienced NPs in your chosen field. Ensure clear communication about your goals and expectations. Use the list above for finding clinicals, as well as the tips below for finding preceptors.

• Personal Connections: Tap into your network. Friends, colleagues, and family might know NPs who can precept or introduce you to potential preceptors.
• Engage with Faculty: Your professors or program coordinators often have connections in the field and might know of NPs open to precepting.
• Professional Organizations: Attend local NP association meetings or events. This not only provides networking opportunities but may lead directly to potential preceptors.
• Online Forums and Communities: Platforms like NursePractitionerStudents.com are designed specifically for NP students and often have boards or forums where preceptor needs are discussed.
• LinkedIn: Join NP-focused groups, participate in relevant discussions, and directly reach out to potential preceptors in a respectful manner.
• Alumni Networks: Previous students from your program, now working as NPs, might be open to precepting or could provide leads.
• Offer Incentives: While not always possible, some students have success by offering to assist with administrative tasks, research, or other non-clinical duties to lessen a potential preceptor’s workload.
• Be Clear About Your Commitment: When reaching out, be clear about your eagerness to learn, your commitment to the rotation, and how to make the experience valuable for both parties.
• Stay Adaptable: Be flexible with your schedule and try to accommodate the preceptor’s timing and requirements as much as possible.
• Follow Up and Express Gratitude: After an initial contact, ensure you follow up. Once a preceptor agrees, ensure you regularly express gratitude and appreciation for their time and guidance.

Remember, securing a preceptor isn’t just about fulfilling a program requirement. It’s about forging a meaningful relationship with an experienced professional who can provide invaluable insights and guidance on your path to becoming a seasoned NP.

You Have a Site and a Preceptor, Now What?

Skills Checklist

In clinicals, you’ll want to focus on the skills you need to advance your practice and align with the board certification exam for your population foci. If you can’t find a checklist, go to the board certification body and look for the skills covered on the boards, or ask your faculty or preceptor. 

• Adult/Gero Acute Care Skills Checklist
• ENP Skills Checklist
• Family NP Skills Checklist
• Neonatal NP Skills Checklist
• PMHNP-ANCC Skills Checklist
• WHNP-NCC Skills Checklist

Presenting to a Preceptor

Presenting patient cases effectively to an attending or preceptor is crucial for students in clinical settings. It demonstrates your clinical reasoning, knowledge base, and communication skills. Several formats can be used, and the choice often depends on the preference of the institution, preceptor, or the specific situation. Here’s one of the most widely used frameworks, along with tips for utilizing it:

SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation)

• Situation: Clearly state the current situation or problem.
• Background: Offer relevant contextual patient information.
• Assessment: Present your clinical findings and your analysis.
• Recommendation: Suggest next steps or interventions.

Tip: SBAR is especially useful for urgent or emergent situations due to its concise nature.

Additional Tips for Presenting to Preceptors

• Preparation: Familiarize yourself with the patient’s history and current condition. Understand the context and reason for their visit, and have a clear idea of what you want to communicate.
• Conciseness: While you want to be thorough, it’s also essential to be succinct. Highlight the most critical points.
• Clinical Reasoning: Clearly explain your thought process to demonstrate your understanding and allow the preceptor to provide more focused feedback.
• Engage with the Preceptor: Ask questions and seek clarification about areas you’re uncertain of to showcase your eagerness to learn.
• Stay Open to Feedback: Constructive feedback is a cornerstone of clinical education. Embrace it to refine your skills.
• Follow a Logical Flow: Regardless of the format you use, ensure your presentation has a logical flow, moving from the patient’s presenting problem to your proposed intervention.
• Anticipate Questions: Think about potential questions the preceptor might ask and be prepared with answers. This proactive approach can be impressive.
• Use Visual Aids When Necessary: If you’ve sketched a diagram or have lab results, use them to aid your presentation.

By mastering the art of patient case presentations, NP students can foster trust with their preceptors, ensuring a more enriching clinical experience. As you progress, you’ll adapt these frameworks based on personal preferences and specific clinical scenarios.

Documentation

Documentation is an essential skill for an NP to master. Thorough and accurate documentation helps with communication with the other healthcare team members, serves as a way to ensure the patient’s health plan is being followed, and measures patient progress towards goals. A Subjective-Objective Assessment Plan (SOAP) note is one of the most common documentation methods. If you use an electronic medical record (EMR), your preceptor will sign off on your note. You’ll want to have the note in draft mode and use the following format:

• Subjective: Patient’s symptoms or self-report of symptoms in their own words.
• Objective: Your clinical observations, examination findings, and test results.
• Assessment: Your clinical impression or differential diagnoses.
• Plan: Interventions, further tests, or treatments you propose.

Tip: SOAP notes are often used for routine patient encounters. Remember to be thorough but concise.

School-Required Documentation 

Your program may require you to use an electronic system to document your patient encounters. Maintain patient confidentiality when doing so, but include all items in the SOAP note and follow your school’s documentation policy. Many programs also give the preceptor access to the school documentation, and they may sign off on the note in the school’s chosen system. 

Resources to Facilitate Learning

With so much to learn in your program, it can feel overwhelming. Let’s review resources and tips to help you be successful in the classroom, clinical, and beyond!

Since NPs are charged with learning the skills of diagnosis and treatment, you’ll want to check out some medical student resources, such as the Elsevier Medical Education hub or the Osmosis Suite, which includes both our Basic Sciences content and content from our new Clinical Sciences library.

Find resources that are helpful in developing differential diagnoses, diagnoses, and treatment, including:

• Clinical Pathways in your EMR: Clinical Pathways within the EMR system are evidence-based frameworks that guide the NP through the most effective care processes for specific medical conditions. A few advantages to using Clinical Pathways include:
  • They serve to standardize treatment, thereby reducing variability and improving patient outcomes. 
  • They can streamline the documentation process, ensuring all necessary data is captured efficiently and systematically.
  • They provide integrated decision support tools with real-time alerts and evidence-based recommendations, which are instrumental in making informed clinical decisions. 
• Clinical Sciences for NPs: Osmosis by Elsevier has a new library of videos to support our NP learners as they translate knowledge into practice. Available both online and in the Osmosis app, the Clinical Sciences library includes helpful decision-making trees (DMTs) paired with clinically-focused videos to outline the next steps in diagnosis and patient management. 
• PracticeUpdate: PracticeUpdate is a free platform for healthcare professionals that offers curated content such as articles, guidelines, and research tailored to specific clinical specialties, helping providers stay abreast of the latest developments in their fields.
• ClinicalKey: ClinicalKey (CK) is a comprehensive resource for healthcare professionals seeking quick answers to clinical questions. Due to its wide range of content — from journals and books to practice guidelines — it’s commonly used in both educational settings for NP students and clinical practice within hospitals.

Study Habits

If you’re accustomed to skimming through textbooks or doing last-minute cramming with exams around the corner, brace yourself for a shift in study habits! You’ll be expected to read and understand an extensive body of knowledge that requires daily immersion in your study materials. Ultimately, you’ll need to have your books and other resources nearby. It may be challenging during the first term, but you’ll learn to embrace studying as you go.

Beyond Textbooks

Your courses will provide lectures, notes, textbooks, and other coursework content, but nursing programs aren’t all about theoretical knowledge. You’ll be expected to apply what you’ve learned in a clinical setting. Getting out into the clinical setting will help you get a better understanding of how to use the skills you read and learn about in your classes.

Exams

You will, of course, regularly take exams to assess your knowledge. However, it’s important to note that nursing isn’t always about what’s right and wrong; sometimes, there’s more than one correct answer! Many nursing exams ask you questions about which actions are “best” or “most appropriate,” so it’s up to you to learn to prioritize patient care.

To excel on your exams, take the time to understand the question thoroughly. By closely examining what’s being asked, you’ll be better prepared to provide the correct answers. 

It’s also important to remember that exams aren’t created to set you up for failure. They’re designed to help you think critically, assess your knowledge and skills, and determine your ability to adapt so you’re prepared for the real world of nursing. The ability to think critically and navigate through uncertainty will translate into your nursing practice and become one of your most valued traits as a health professional.

Last but not least, before you take your exams, take the time to study for it properly. Many textbook publishers offer additional resources such as practice questions, case studies, and outlines for the content covered in the textbook. And if your school has access to an interactive learning platform (such as Osmosis by Elsevier), make sure to USE IT! They’re an excellent resource for preparing for exams and determining areas where you need to redirect your learning focus.

What to Buy

In addition to your textbooks, there are items that are pivotal to your nursing journey. Alongside a stethoscope and your program’s approved dress code, you may also need to purchase other items required by your program, such as interactive learning platforms like Osmosis by Elsevier, electronic simulation programs like Shadow Health, which is used in online and in-person programs to provide a simulated learning experience before labs or clinicals.

So you’ve successfully completed your NP program. Congratulations! It’s a huge accomplishment, and you should take some time to celebrate. But before you can begin working as a nurse practitioner, there are a few more steps you have to take, like obtaining your RN license and being certified as an NP. Certification requires an exam, and this one’s specific to your chosen population foci. Board certification confirms that you’ve completed the education requirements and acquired the experience and skills to provide advanced care to specific patient populations. The fees associated with your nursing certification are added to the educational expenses you may incur. The fees range from $300 to $500, and renewal periods range from three to five years. Let’s look at the most common specializations and what you will likely need to apply. 

Nursing Practitioner Certifications

Adult/Gero Acute Care NP (AGACNP)

AGACNPs typically seek certification through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) or AACN Certification Corporation. To become an AGACNP, candidates must earn a master’s or doctoral degree in the specialty and complete roughly 500 supervised clinical hours. Recertification is mandated every five years and necessitates 75 continuing education (CE) hours combined with at least 100 practice hours over the recertification cycle.

Adult/Gero Primary Care NP (AGPCNP)

AGPCNPs typically seek certification through ANCC. To be eligible, candidates should possess a master’s or doctoral degree in the AGPCNP specialty and typically undergo 500 supervised clinical hours. Every five years, recertification is essential, demanding 75 CE hours and 100 practice hours over this duration.

Emergency NP (ENP)

ENPs seek certification from the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Board (AANPCB) or the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN). To be an ENP, you must have a master’s or doctoral degree emphasizing emergency care and complete around 500 clinical hours. Every five years, recertification becomes due, which entails 100 CE hours and an equivalent number of practice hours.

Family NP (FNP)

FNPs are generally certified by the ANCC or AANPCB. A master’s or doctoral degree in the FNP specialty is a prerequisite, coupled with 500-700 supervised clinical hours. Recertification is every five years and requires 100 CE hours and 1,000 practice hours.

Neonatal Intensive Care NP (NNP)

These specialized NPs focus on newborns experiencing health complications, frequently operating in NICUs. Certification is handled by the National Certification Corporation (NCC). They need a master’s or doctoral degree in neonatal care and roughly 500 clinical hours. Recertification is every three years, involving 45 CE hours specific to the specialty.

Pediatric NP (PNP)

PNPyou certification is managed by the Pediatric Nursing Certification Board (PNCB). Educational prerequisites include a master’s or doctoral degree in pediatrics and around 500 supervised clinical hours. For recertification every five years, PNCB requires 15 CE hours annually.

Psychiatric Mental Health NP (PMHNP)

PMHNPs are certified through ANCC. An aspiring psychiatric mental health NP should have a master’s or doctoral degree in the domain, along with 500 clinical hours. Every five years, recertification is due, needing 75 CE hours and 100 practice hours.

Women’s Health NP (WHNP)

The NCC oversees the WHNP certification. To become a WHNP, you must attain a master’s or doctoral degree in women’s health and complete about 500 clinical hours. Recertification occurs every three years and requires 45 CE hours centered on the specialty.

For those pursuing any of these specialties, it’s wise to consult the appropriate certification body and state board of nursing for the most recent and specific details.

The Pathway to NP Licensure

There are several steps that need to be completed to ensure you meet the necessary criteria to qualify for NP board exams. Here’s a breakdown of the typical requirements:

Complete an Accredited Program (or Portfolio Assessment) 

First and foremost, you’ll need to graduate from an accredited NP program (in most cases) or meet the requirements for portfolio assessment. It’s important to note that some NP board exams, like the ENP exam, may offer an alternative pathway through portfolio assessment. Be sure to check with the specific certifying body for the certification you’re interested in to determine if portfolio assessment is an option and what the requirements are. Always verify that your chosen program or assessment method aligns with the certification you intend to pursue.

Meet Educational Prerequisites 

Depending on the certification body and specialty, you may need to fulfill specific educational prerequisites, such as coursework in advanced health assessment, pharmacology, and pathophysiology.

Maintain/Obtain Your RN License 

Before pursuing Nurse Practitioner certification, you must be a licensed Registered Nurse (RN). Ensure that you hold an active, unencumbered RN license in your state.

Gain Clinical Experience

All nurse practitioner certification organizations require a certain number of clinical practice hours as part of your education. Typically there’s a minimum of 500 clinical hours with the trend towards 750 hours to meet with current initiatives or 1,000 if you’re graduating from a DNP Program. Be prepared to complete the required clinical hours in your chosen specialty prior to graduation. 

Apply for Certification 

After completing your program, you can apply for certification through the appropriate certifying body, such as the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Board (AANPCB), or another relevant certifying organization.

Pass a Certification Exam 

Once your application is approved, you’ll need to pass the board exam specific to your chosen specialty. These exams assess your knowledge and competence in your area of practice.

Meet State Requirements 

In addition to national certification, you must meet your state’s specific requirements for NP licensure. These requirements can vary but often include submitting an application, passing a criminal background check, and paying licensing fees.

Certifying Organizations

• American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Program
• American Association of Critical Care Nurses
• American Nurses Credentialing Center
• Pediatric Nursing Certification Board
• National Certification Corporation for the Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing Specialties

You need to renew your certification according to the changing needs of the healthcare industry and each certifying board.

What Are the Board Exam Fees?

Board exam fees can vary based on the certifying body and specialty. Expect to pay anywhere from $200 to $400. Discounts are generally offered to members of professional organizations. Be sure to check the specific fees for your chosen certification organization and budget accordingly to cover these expenses. 

How Do You Prepare for the NP Boards?

Remember that success on the NP boards isn’t just about cramming information but also about understanding the material and having the confidence to apply your knowledge. By following a well-planned study schedule and taking care of yourself along the way, you’ll be well-prepared to excel on exam day.

After completing your program, it’s crucial to take some time for self-care and relaxation. Your NP journey has likely been demanding, both physically and emotionally.

A Quick Guide to Preparing for Your NP Board Exams

Rest and Recuperation (R&R)

Graduating from an NP program is a significant achievement, and you deserve a break. Take a week or two to prioritize self-care. Catch up on sleep, nourish your body with good food, engage in regular exercise, and savor fresh air. Reconnect with friends and family who may not have seen much of you during your intense academic journey.

Mental R&R

Don’t forget to provide your brain with some well-deserved relaxation. The NP board exams require focused preparation, so managing anxiety and maintaining a positive mindset is crucial. When you’re well-rested and mentally prepared, you’ll approach your studies and the exam with greater confidence.

Utilize Predictor Exams

If your NP program offers a predictor exam, this is an invaluable resource. Use it as a starting point to identify areas you need to study. The predictor exam can help pinpoint your strengths and weaknesses, allowing you to tailor your preparation accordingly. Use the predictor exam scores and content areas as the basis for your student schedule. 

Set a Study Schedule

After your mini-break, it’s time to create a well-structured study plan. Set a target date for your NP board exam, typically in about a month or two, giving yourself adequate preparation time. Remember that everyone’s study needs differ, but a general guideline is to dedicate around three hours per day to review your study materials.

Organize Your Study Materials

Gather all the necessary study resources, including textbooks, practice exams, and study guides, well in advance. Having everything ready will make your study sessions more efficient.

Create a Study Calendar

Develop a study calendar or schedule that outlines what topics you’ll cover each day or week. Breaking down your study plan into manageable chunks can prevent overwhelm and help you stay on track.

Simulate Taking the NP Boards 

Practice, practice, practice! Incorporate practice exams into your study routine. Make sure the practice exams are the same length as the boards you’ll be sitting for, along with the same time limits. You’ll also want to avoid distractions while you become familiar with the format of the NP board exams and assess your test-taking skills and stamina. 

Seek Support

Consider attending an online or live review course, joining a study group, or finding a study partner. Discussing complex concepts with peers can enhance your understanding and provide motivation. Attending a live, online review session can help refresh your memory on content that you had in past terms. 

Self-Assessment Exams

Most of the boards have a self-assessment exam that you can take to help you prepare for the boards. It’s a good idea to assess your progress and adjust your study plan as needed based on your self-assessment results. Focus more on challenging areas while maintaining your mastery of previously learned material.

Do Your Best to Stay Healthy

Continue prioritizing your physical and mental health throughout your preparation. Maintain a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and practice stress-relief techniques like mindfulness or meditation.

Exam Day Preparation

In the days leading up to your NP board exam, make sure you’re well-rested, have all necessary identification and documents ready, and know the location and schedule of your exam. Schedule the exam for your best time of the day and ensure you have eaten a nutritious meal as well as had a good night’s sleep. If you’re not ready, reschedule the exam! 

Planning for Nurse Practitioner Board Success 

The key to passing NP boards is to vary the review and study materials along with including time for self-care. Make sure to keep things balanced and include fun activities as well as various study modalities for NP board review.

Use the REHEARSE Method

Use the acronym “REHEARSE,” as a comprehensive approach to preparing for the NP board exam. 

R – Review core material systematically.

E – Evaluate progress with practice exams.

H – Harness multiple study methods (videos, flashcards, group study).

E – Engage with faculty, academic coaches, and peers for discussion and clarification.

A – Assess strengths and weaknesses regularly.

R – Revisit difficult topics for additional review.

S – Simulate test conditions with timed question bank sessions.

E – Ensure relaxation, self-care, and mental preparation techniques are utilized. 

The following schedule includes 32 days and integrates a variety of learning techniques, from in-depth review sessions and evaluative practice exams to harnessing educational resources and engaging with academic support. 

State Practice 

The world of NPs is ever-evolving, particularly when it comes to state practice requirements. Here’s a breakdown of the current NP practice environment and resources to keep abreast of the changing landscape in NP practice initiatives. 

State Practice Types

Understanding the scope of NP practice by state is crucial to following your state requirements. You’ll want to know if your state is a full practice, reduced practice, or restricted practice state.

Full Practice 

Full practice allows NPs to evaluate patients, diagnose, order, and interpret diagnostic tests, as well as initiate treatment plans. This autonomy fosters a seamless patient experience, especially in areas underserved by physicians. Note that some full-practice states may require the NP to practice for a minimum amount of time prior to granting full practice authority. 

Reduced Practice

One of the key practice elements is reduced, necessitating a collaborative agreement with a physician. This model bridges the gap between full autonomy and restrictive practices, ensuring patients receive comprehensive care.

Restricted Practice 

This model has more significant limitations, such as mandating supervision, delegation, or team management by another health provider. It’s essential for NPs in these states to establish strong collaborative relationships for optimal patient care.

Resources for NPs By State

Take a look at this handy map of the US that provides the practice guidelines by state. 

Maintaining Your License

Once you get your advanced practice nursing license, you’ll need to maintain it. It’s important to know that the requirements for an NP will likely include keeping up with your RN licensure, depending on your state requirements. Also, you’ll need to keep up with your board certification. Each state and board may have different requirements; however, there are some general guidelines to get you started. It’s important to note that continuing education and practice requirements can vary significantly from state to state in the US (and country to country outside of the US). Make sure to refer to this comprehensive list of every US state and its requirements for nursing licensure and continuing education to stay current.

Transitioning from Registered Nurse to Nurse Practitioner

Transitioning from an RN to an NP is a significant and life-changing journey in your career. While both roles are entrenched in patient care, the leap to nurse practitioner embodies a shift to a more autonomous and decision-making role within the healthcare landscape. It’s a move that promises broader clinical responsibilities, deeper patient interactions, and an opportunity to make a more profound impact on patient outcomes. However, with these expanded horizons come new challenges, responsibilities, and expectations. For many, this transition isn’t just about professional growth but also a personal metamorphosis, deepening your commitment to healthcare and patient advocacy.

Staying With Your Current Employer

Transitioning to an NP role within a familiar environment has several benefits. Firstly, you’ll have an understanding of the organizational culture, protocols, and systems, significantly reducing the initial learning curve. An established rapport with colleagues streamlines collaboration, while internal growth opportunities might be more accessible due to a proven track record and loyalty. Onboarding as an NP could be more straightforward, with fewer administrative obstacles such as credentialing. Moreover, this established relationship may lend an edge in contract negotiations, ensuring favorable terms in areas like salary and benefits. Lastly, emotional and professional support within a known setting can provide comfort during the transition phase.

However, there are potential drawbacks to consider. One of the most prevalent challenges is the perception barrier, where colleagues might still view you predominantly as an RN, affecting dynamics and autonomy in clinical decisions. Staying within the same environment might limit exposure to diverse clinical experiences, potentially inhibiting broader professional growth. Financially, there’s a possibility that employers might reserve more competitive salaries or benefits for external hires. Role boundaries could blur, especially in institutions with limited staffing, leading to confusion between RN and NP responsibilities. Finally, the comfort of a known setting might inadvertently discourage the pursuit of new challenges or branching out into different clinical settings and specialties.

Fellowships

How Fellowships Help New NPs

For new NPs, fellowships provide a bridge between the theoretical knowledge garnered during their academic journey and the practical application in real-world settings. These programs offer structured learning, enabling NPs to deepen their understanding and hone their skills under the guidance of seasoned professionals. Fellowships also facilitate valuable mentorship opportunities, connecting fresh graduates with experts in a chosen field. This not only paves the way for robust professional growth but also creates networking avenues that can be instrumental in future career moves. Additionally, having a fellowship under one’s belt can significantly enhance employability, making NPs more competitive in the job market.

Duration and Typical Pay Rate of Fellowships

Fellowships for NPs predominantly span 12 months. However, depending on the specialty and depth of training, some may be shorter (around six months) or extend up to 24 months. As for compensation, fellowships are generally paid. Think of them as postgraduate training, akin to medical residencies. While the stipend or salary offered to fellows is typically less than what a fully credentialed NP might earn, it’s usually higher than the earnings of a new graduate RN. Compensation nuances can vary based on the institution, geographical location, and the fellowship’s specialty.

Common Types of Fellowships

Several fellowships cater to the diverse interests of NPs. Hospital fellowships, for instance, provide a broad spectrum of exposure across various hospital departments, helping NPs acclimatize to in-patient care dynamics. More specialized fellowships, such as emergency medicine, equip NPs to handle high-acuity settings, teaching them critical decision-making and procedural skills. Cardiology fellowships delve into the intricacies of heart-related ailments, from outpatient management to in-hospital monitoring. Oncology fellowships, on the other hand, focus on providing in-depth knowledge about cancer care, covering aspects from chemotherapy administration to survivorship.

Applying for Fellowships and Considerations

For those interested in pursuing a fellowship, the initial step is to research institutions and organizations offering these programs. It’s imperative to prioritize accredited fellowships, ensuring that the training aligns with industry standards and is recognized universally. Some fellowships may also lead to certification eligibility, especially in specialized areas like psychiatry or cardiology.  It’s advisable to verify this aspect during the application process, as such certifications can further boost an NP’s professional credentials. The combination of robust training and certification can be a game-changer in an NP’s career trajectory.

The Value of Mentorships

Mentorships in the healthcare landscape are invaluable, nurturing professional growth, facilitating knowledge transfer, and fostering collaboration. In modern healthcare settings, this symbiotic relationship highlights that while traditional experience is a cornerstone, the fresh perspectives and skills of newer practitioners are of paramount importance as the mentor/mentee relationship can, at times, be interchangeable. New NPs are also mentors to their RN peers and often will mentor RNs moving into the NP role. It’s important to emphasize that learning is continuous, and expertise can come from any direction.

Seasoned mentors offer:

• Real-world context not found in textbooks.
• Experience with sharing and providing insights into patient care intricacies.
• Guidance in navigating the complex healthcare environment
• A multidimensional mentorship dynamic where new NPs can mentor RN peers, sharing recent academic learnings and current methodologies, ensuring that all healthcare professionals remain updated with the latest in clinical care.

The fluidity of the mentor-mentee relationship:

• Seasoned mentors, rich in experience, might sometimes need guidance in emerging technological trends.
• Tech-savvy mentees can reverse roles by guiding their mentors in mastering new technology, tools, or learning platforms (like the Osmosis Suite).

Resources for New NPs

• Use social media groups to connect to other NP professionals and learn from their experiences (Facebook, Reddit, Quora, Discord).
• Use LinkedIn to create a professional profile (similar to a resume or CV), develop professional connections, and read about industry trends.

Landing Your First Job as a Nurse Practitioner

Earning your NP degree is a monumental milestone! You’ve transitioned from being an RN to an NP student, then on to a fully-fledged healthcare professional with greater autonomy! While stepping into this advanced role may feel daunting initially, fear not! These invaluable tips will guide you in securing your first position as a Nurse Practitioner:

Updating Your Resume/CV

• Highlight Advanced Clinical Skills: Make sure you emphasize your advanced training, clinical rotations, and specific NP skills.
• Tailored Objectives: Adapt your objective statement to clearly reflect your desire for an NP position and why you’re the best fit.
• Include Relevant Certifications: If you’ve achieved any NP-specific certifications, be sure to list them prominently.

Clinical Partnerships

• Leverage Relationships: Remember the clinical sites you trained at? Reach out! They already know your work ethic and clinical abilities.
• Letters of Recommendation: Secure strong recommendations from clinicians or physicians you’ve partnered with during your rotations.

Market Yourself

• Elevator Pitch: Prepare a concise, impactful statement about who you are, your NP training, and your aspirations.
• Networking: Attend healthcare conferences, seminars, and workshops to meet potential employers or get leads.

LinkedIn Profile Suggestions

• Professional Photo: Ensure your photo is clear, professional, and current.
• Detailed Summary: Describe your NP qualifications, specialties, and aspirations.
• Recommendations: Get colleagues or supervisors to write LinkedIn recommendations attesting to your skills and performance.
• Engage: Share and comment on relevant articles, showing your continuous involvement and learning in the field.

Popular Online Job Boards

• Regular Checks: Platforms like Indeed, Glassdoor, and NP job-specific boards update frequently. Check regularly and set up job alerts.
• Customize Applications: Instead of a generic application, tailor your cover letter and resume for each position.

Follow Up With Prospective Employers

• Timely Follow-Ups: A week after applying or post-interview, send a polite email reiterating your interest in the position.
• Thank You Notes: After an interview, it’s a kind gesture (and a good reminder of your dedication) to send a ‘thank you’ note, whether it’s an email or handwritten.

Embarking on your NP journey is exciting! With a blend of networking, showcasing your skills, and proactive searching, your first NP position will be just around the corner. By balancing between persistence and respect for the hiring process, you maximize your chances of securing the NP position that aligns with your career aspirations and the population foci in which you specialize.

Advancing Your Career

Dual Certification 

Specializing in more than one area offers NPs a competitive edge in the healthcare market. For instance, an FNP with an additional psychiatric mental health certification can cater to a broader patient demographic, enhancing their utility in diverse clinical settings. This expanded scope can lead to increased salary prospects, varied job opportunities, and the satisfaction of serving patients with complex, multifaceted needs.

Doctorate Degree

Pursuing a DNP degree equips NPs with profound clinical expertise, opening doors to leadership roles, policy-making, and advanced practice areas. Alternatively, an NP with a PhD or EdD gears NPs towards academia and research, carving a niche in molding future healthcare professionals and groundbreaking studies. All avenues promise elevated salaries, a broader career trajectory, and the prestige of holding the highest nursing degrees.

Fellowships

As mentioned above, fellowships are specialized training in specific areas such as cardiology, oncology, or emergency medicine. This intense, focused training ensures NPs are well-prepared to handle intricate cases, making them sought-after professionals in their specialty, which can reflect in both job opportunities and remuneration.

Volunteer for Leadership Roles

Taking up leadership roles within clinical settings or in professional bodies showcases an NP’s commitment to the profession’s growth. These roles often come with responsibilities that can amplify an NP’s influence, expand their network, and pave the way for other prestigious opportunities, potentially with increased compensation and benefits.

Precepting and Teaching

Share knowledge by mentoring NP students or conducting workshops as an expert in your field. It not only garners respect from peers and students but can also lead to opportunities in academic settings, curriculum development, or even consulting roles.

Serving On Boards

Being a board member allows NPs to be at the forefront of decision-making processes in healthcare institutions or associations. This influence can lead to systemic improvements in patient care, policy modifications, and can elevate the NP’s profile within the professional community.

Join Professional Organizations

Memberships in professional bodies offer more than just networking opportunities. They provide NPs access to resources, advanced training, and platforms for advocacy – all vital tools for professional growth, keeping abreast of industry changes, and positioning oneself as an active, engaged professional.

Networking, Conferences, and Workshops

Dedication to continuous learning and fostering connections can significantly propel an NP’s career. Conferences and workshops are hotspots for the latest industry trends, research findings, and innovative practices. Networking at such events can lead to collaborative projects, job offers, or even partnerships, ensuring an NP’s skills and knowledge remain at the pinnacle of the profession.

Embracing Your NP Career

NPs stand at the forefront of patient care, offering a blend of both nursing and healthcare services. As they navigate this challenging and rewarding role, new NPs, in particular, may be exposed to the stresses and demands of heightened responsibilities. The shift from a registered nurse to an advanced practice role can be invigorating, but it’s essential to recognize the importance of personal well-being in this journey. Balancing the demands of the job with self-care, being vigilant about the signs of burnout, and seeking mental health support when needed are not just strategies for success but vital for the longevity of your career. Here’s some advice tailored for new NPs to help them flourish personally and professionally:

Don’t Forget to Practice Self-Care!

• Prioritize Sleep: Fatigue can impair clinical judgment. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep daily to ensure you’re well-rested.
• Healthy Nutrition: Eating a balanced diet fuels your body and mind. Carry healthy snacks for energy during long shifts.
• Stay Active: Regular physical activity can reduce stress. Find an exercise routine that fits your schedule, even if it’s just a 10-minute walk.
• Set Boundaries: Learn to say “no” when necessary and ensure you take breaks during your shifts.
• Engage in a Hobby: Enjoy activities you love outside of work. It helps to have an outlet unrelated to your profession.

How to Prevent Burnout

• Know the Signs: Recognize early signs of burnout like exhaustion, cynicism about work, or feeling ineffective.
• Seek Out Regular Supervision or Mentorship: Regular check-ins can offer support, guidance, and a space to debrief challenging cases.
• Establish a Good Work-Life Balance: Ensure you’re not over-scheduling yourself and have time for personal and family life.
• Continuous Learning: Engage in professional development. Feeling competent can combat feelings of inadequacy.
• Delegate When Possible: Utilize your team. Remember, you don’t have to do everything alone.

Mental Health Support

• Peer Support: Conversations with colleagues can offer insight and understanding since they’re in the same field.
• Professional Counseling: Consider therapy or counseling as a proactive approach to managing stress and emotional challenges.
• Mindfulness and Meditation: Techniques like deep breathing, meditation, and progressive muscle relaxation can manage anxiety and stress.
• Avoid Isolation: Connect with friends and loved ones regularly. Social connections can act as a buffer against stress.
• Seek Resources: Familiarize yourself with resources available through your workplace or professional organizations designed to support NP mental health.

Remember, as a new nurse practitioner, you’re transitioning into a role with increased responsibilities. It’s normal to feel a mix of excitement and apprehension. Prioritizing self-care, being proactive about burnout, and seeking mental health support are essential to ensuring you have a long, healthy, and fulfilling career.

References & Resources

• Accredited NP Programs: The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) and Nursing Commission for Nursing Education Accreditation (CNEA): https://cnea.nln.org/accredited-programs 
• American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP): https://www.payscale.com/research/US/Certification=American_Academy_of_Nurse_Practitioners_(AANP)/Salary
• Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS):https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/nurse-anesthetists-nurse-midwives-and-nurse-practitioners.htm and https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes291171.htm 
• Exam Do’s and Don’ts: https://www.fhea.com/certification-qa/exam-dos-and-donts/ 
• Nurse Practitioner Test-Taking Skills: https://www.fhea.com/certification-qa/test-question-analysis/ 
• Self-Care: https://elsevier.health/en-US/marketing/health/nurse/self-care-videos 

*State-specific nursing boards or regulatory bodies (e.g., California Board of Registered Nursing, New York State Education Department – Office of the Professions)

**Please note that specific salary ranges, licensing requirements, and resources may vary by state or country. It’s essential to consult your jurisdiction’s relevant nursing organizations and regulatory bodies for accurate and up-to-date information.

Contributors & Reviewers 

Maria Pfrommer, DNP, Ph.D., FNP-BC, RN, Director of Nursing Education 

Elizabeth Lucas, EdD, RN, CNE, Senior Content Manager

Kelsey LaFayette, DNP, ARNP, FNP-C, Nursing Content Manager 

Lisa Miklush, PhD, RN, CNS, Senior Content Editor 

We hope you love this guide as much as we enjoyed making it.

Happy learning, everyone!