Cervical Arthritis

Cervical arthritis refers to arthritis of the neck, which results from swelling around joints in an area of the neck called the cervical spine. The cervical spine consists of the top seven bony vertebrae of the spinal column (i.e., backbone), along with the flexible intervertebral discs that are between each vertebrae, absorb shock, and allow movement. Arthritis of the cervical joints can limit movement and rotation of the neck and cause significant neck pain, among other symptoms.

Cervical arthritis can develop due to many factors and conditions. The most common type of cervical arthritis is known as cervical spondylosis, or osteoarthritis, which usually results from age-related wear and tear of the joints and intervertebral discs. Degenerative disc disease, the gradual wearing and weakening of an intervertebral disc, can result in pain and an increased risk of developing a herniated disk, when the soft inside of the intervertebral disc pushes out into the spinal canal. Cervical osteoarthritis can also develop as a result of trauma or disease, such as joint disorders or osteoporosis, a disease in which decreased bone density can lead to frequent fractures and breaks.

Inflammatory arthritis, which occurs when the immune system causes inflammation around the joints, is another potential trigger for cervical arthritis. Ankylosing spondylitis is the most common type of inflammatory arthritis that impacts the spinal column. Research strongly associates ankylosing spondylitis with genetic factors. Less commonly, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, and enteropathic arthritis can also lead to cervical arthritis.

There are many other risk factors for cervical arthritis. People who are older, have a history of neck pain in their family, carry more weight, or have already experienced joint problems due to disease or injury are more likely to develop cervical arthritis. 

Treatment of cervical arthritis often focuses on pain relief and mobility improvement. For people with mild symptoms, an initial approach may include lifestyle changes aimed at minimizing activities that cause pain. In some cases, wearing a splint or brace to support or realign the most painful joints may be suggested. Occupational or physical therapy may also be recommended for improving joint mobilization and strengthening surrounding muscles. For individuals whose weight contributes to their arthritis, weight loss through regular exercise and a nutritious diet may decrease the stress on their joints. 

When people have more severe symptoms, medications may be needed to relieve pain. First, oral or topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and aspirin, may be recommended. If pain persists, glucocorticoid injections can be administered at the location of the pain. Individuals with long-term, severe pain may be prescribed stronger medications, such as duloxetine or opioids.