Croup

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Croup

Respiratory system

Congenital disorders

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation

Pulmonary hypoplasia

Disorders of the pleura, mediastinum, and chest wall

Pleural effusion

Infectious, immunologic, and inflammatory disorders of the lower airways

Infectious, immunologic, and inflammatory disorders of the upper airways

Allergic rhinitis

Bacterial epiglottitis

Bacterial tracheitis

Retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscesses

Upper respiratory tract infection

Metabolic, regulatory, and structural disorders

Cyanide poisoning

Decompression sickness

Methemoglobinemia

Pulmonary changes at high altitude and altitude sickness

Neoplasms

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Superior vena cava syndrome

Obstructive airway disease

Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency

Chronic bronchitis

Cystic fibrosis

Pneumoconiosis, fibrosing, and restrictive pulmonary disorders or interstitial lung disease

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Restrictive lung diseases

Respiratory failure or respiratory arrest and pulmonary vascular disorders

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Apnea of prematurity

Meconium aspiration syndrome

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Sudden infant death syndrome

Transient tachypnea of the newborn

Pulmonary edema

Pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary hypertension

Traumatic or mechanical disorders

Choanal atresia

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Respiratory system pathology review

Cystic fibrosis: Pathology review

Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax and atelectasis: Pathology review

Pneumonia: Pathology review

Tuberculosis: Pathology review

Lung cancer and mesothelioma: Pathology review

Nasal, oral and pharyngeal diseases: Pathology review

Obstructive lung diseases: Pathology review

Restrictive lung diseases: Pathology review

Apnea, hypoventilation and pulmonary hypertension: Pathology review

Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Pathology review

Respiratory distress syndrome: Pathology review

Key Takeaways

Croup is a viral respiratory infection most common in young children, usually caused by the parainfluenza virus. It results in the inflammation of the larynx and trachea, which leads to a characteristic barking cough, hoarseness of voice, and inspiratory stridor. The diagnosis is usually clinical, but can need an x-ray for confirmation. When done, X-rays show a steeple sign, which is subglottic narrowing.