Cleft lip and palate
Cleft lip and palate
Pathology
Upper gastrointestinal tract disorders
Cleft lip and palate
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Esophageal web
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Pyloric stenosis
Aphthous ulcers
Dental abscess
Dental caries disease
Gingivitis and periodontitis
Ludwig angina
Oral cancer
Oral candidiasis
Parotitis
Sialadenitis
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Warthin tumor
Achalasia
Barrett esophagus
Boerhaave syndrome
Diffuse esophageal spasm
Eosinophilic esophagitis (NORD)
Esophageal cancer
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Zenker diverticulum
Esophageal disorders: Pathology review
Cyclic vomiting syndrome
Gastric cancer
Gastric dumping syndrome
Gastritis
Gastroenteritis
Gastroparesis
Peptic ulcer
GERD, peptic ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancer: Pathology review
Lower gastrointestinal tract disorders
Bowel obstruction
Intestinal adhesions
Volvulus
Gallstone ileus
Familial adenomatous polyposis
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Gardner syndrome
Juvenile polyposis syndrome
Colorectal polyps
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal polyps and cancer: Pathology review
Gastroschisis
Imperforate anus
Omphalocele
Meckel diverticulum
Intestinal atresia
Hirschsprung disease
Intestinal malrotation
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
Biliary atresia
Gilbert's syndrome
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
Rotor syndrome
Congenital gastrointestinal disorders: Pathology review
Gallstones
Biliary colic
Acute cholecystitis
Ascending cholangitis
Chronic cholecystitis
Gallstone ileus
Gallbladder carcinoma
Gallbladder disorders: Pathology review
Abdominal hernias
Femoral hernia
Inguinal hernia
Microscopic colitis
Crohn disease
Ulcerative colitis
Inflammatory bowel disease: Pathology review
Small bowel ischemia and infarction
Ischemic colitis
Alcohol-associated liver disease
Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
Autoimmune hepatitis
Benign liver tumors
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Cholestatic liver disease
Cirrhosis
Hemochromatosis
Hepatic encephalopathy
Viral hepatitis
Hepatocellular adenoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Jaundice
Neonatal hepatitis
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Portal hypertension
Primary biliary cholangitis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Reye syndrome
Wilson disease
Cirrhosis: Pathology review
Jaundice: Pathology review
Viral hepatitis: Pathology review
Celiac disease
Lactose intolerance
Protein losing enteropathy
Short bowel syndrome (NORD)
Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome
Tropical sprue
Whipple's disease
Malabsorption syndromes: Pathology review
Carcinoid syndrome
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal system: Pathology review
Appendicitis
Diverticulosis and diverticulitis
Gastroenteritis
Irritable bowel syndrome
Appendicitis: Pathology review
Diverticular disease: Pathology review
Gastrointestinal bleeding: Pathology review
Acute pancreatitis
Pancreatic pseudocyst
Chronic pancreatitis
Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatitis: Pathology review
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Intussusception
Anal fissure
Anal fistula
Hemorrhoid
Rectal prolapse
Peritoneum and peritoneal cavity
Flashcards
Cleft lip and palate
0 of 5 complete
Questions
USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE
0 of 1 complete
A 10-day-old boy is brought to the emergency department for evaluation of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The parents note recurrent upper and lower extremity muscle spasms. He has had no fever, cough, or runny nose. The patient was born full term via an uncomplicated pregnancy and normal vaginal delivery. Family history is unremarkable. Physical examination demonstrates a neonate with rhythmic jerking movements of the upper and lower of extremities bilaterally. The anterior fontanelle is open, pupils are reactive to light, and fundi are normal. Facial examination reveals a small lower jaw, low set ears, and a submucosal cleft palate. Lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally. Cardiac auscultation reveals a harsh holosystolic murmur at the left lower sternal border. Chest x-ray demonstrates decreased soft tissue attenuation in the right anterior mediastinum. Which of the following immunologic derrangements is most likely to be observed in this patient?
Key Takeaways
Cleft lip and palate are congenital defects, characterized by the failure of the tissues that form the upper lip and roof of the mouth to join together properly. A cleft lip contains an opening in the upper lip, sometimes extending into the nasal cavity. On the other hand, cleft palate is said when it is the palate that contains an opening into the nose. Risk factors for cleft lip and palate include diabetes, certain medications during pregnancy, and smoking.